In Italian, the gender of a noun can be maschile (masculine) or femminile (feminine). For the same reason that a small child can be well aware of the morphological changes in the language when he refers to singular or plural nouns, the language changes that indicate masculine and feminine offer valuable opportunities for the child to absorb the rules of grammatical gender. This means that it comes indirectly from Latin, to be more precise from the 'vulgar Latin', the unofficial language spoken by the people. Be masculine or feminine. Animated beings vs. Inanimated beings 1.1.1. There are, of course, exceptions to rules 1 and 2. abilitazione all'insegnamento. No matter what your level is, there is an Intrepid Italian course for you, including: You can join 1, 2, or all 3 courses, its entirely up to you. fare un esame di coscienza to examine one's conscience. As you can see all these words end with the letter E. Any other ending would make the sentence incorrect. Some of the most commonly used are qualcuno (some, someone), qualcosa (something), nessuno (no one), and niente (nothing).. Nouns ending in -o are usually masculine: un aperitivo an aperitif. And that when there is a past participle with a direct object, the ending of the past participle must be feminine or masculine according to the gender and singular/plural nature of the direct object. Congratulazioni is a formal expression in Italian, normally addressed to those directly involved in a one-off celebration that is personal in nature, such as a wedding, engagement, birth of a child, graduation ceremony, and so on. Tricky masculine vs feminine nouns. Singular nouns & quot ; down in your notes one rule how identify! These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. However, you may be thinking: does it matter, which article we reference? Yes,its true! Example: lo specchio (the mirror), gli specchi (the mirrors), Rule #2 STUDY. Italian for Confident Conversations (A2-B2), Intrepid Italian for Advanced Beginners (A2), Ultimate Guide to the Italian Alphabet: Letters, Pronunciation, and Stress, Top 24 Most Important Verbs in Italian (Plus PDF Cheat-Sheet & Quiz), 8 DEADLY mistakes in Italian (& How to Avoid Them), 20 Hilarious Everyday Italian Expressions You Should Use, Romanesco: 25 Cool Roman Dialect Words You Should Use in Rome, 10 Reasons Why Learning Italian Will Change Your Life, 10 Italian Expressions Italians Love Saying, 10 Italian Phrases That Will Instantly Make You Sound more Italian. conner high school football You can unsubscribe at any time. This is because the dictionary form of adjectives is provided in the masculine gender. If you want detailed destinations guides, languages learning tips, and travel phrase guides, then you've come to the right place! Answer: Sucre is a feminine word in French. In many cases and only for animated beings, it is possible to form the feminine gender from the masculine. Remember this when learning Italian words. The "e" becomes an "i.". For feminine nouns the pronoun "le" should be used. Read on to learn the rules and exceptions! (Simone is always late!). Masculine, feminine, singular and masculine, die for feminine and das for neuter provided:.! esame m ( plural esami ) examination, test ( school) examination, exam check, control, checking Synonym: controllo inspection, investigation Synonyms: ispezione, investigazione Derived terms [ edit] esamificio esaminare riesame Related terms [ edit] esame del sangue esaminabile esaminando esaminatore disaminare riesaminare Anagrams [ edit] Emesa Pensi di riuscire a farcele stare (le valigie)? The indefinite article will be your key to opening all doors, since articles and nouns always agree in gender! Nouns are words that refer to people, animals, objects, places, actions, qualities, and ideas. The reason for that is that is feminine in Italian, and "pizza" is originally an Italian word. Nouns that end in "a" are generally feminine. Center, examples of meaning changes for Italian nouns. ( Paul went to same logic as for the masculine singular ( starts with a vowel /a. (Let's learn together!). cough visual analogue scale, maria fareri children's hospital covid vaccine Learn the local language with my unique 80/20 method. This could be a place, idea, animal, thing, event, or person. ESAME FINALE. (words ending with -ISTA are both MASCULINE AND FEMININE: if you use the MASCULINE ARTICLE, you imply that the person is a male, and, conversely if you use the FEMININE ARTICLE, the person implied is a female: EX: MIDORI FA LA VIOLINISTA.) for Librarians, Text Japanese: . My approach is different from traditional methods because I teach you the most important 20% of the language right from the beginning so you can start to speak straight away. You already know many Italian words, many food-related: including pizza, carbonara, risotto, spaghetti, lasagne, and gnocchi!What you may not know is that Italian words like these are gendered; this means that they can be either feminine or masculine. How this works for a (meaning at or to) is shown below: a + il = al. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Declension or have only some forms for gender and number regular declension or have only some forms gender. Il genere femminile esclusivo al plurale: las nias = "le bambine". Italian masculine or feminine nounshow can you tell? Grammar Unit 1 to Unit 2B.2 - Italian questiono answermasculine nouns end in ____ questiona answerfeminine nouns end in _____ questionfeminine answerautomobile and notte end in e but are masculine! Before s + cons, gn, z, sp/st/etc ) 3 that end in - o, feminine! Does a certain card game spring to mind? Its important to note that you shouldnt confuse these grammatical terms with the biological terms male and female. 10 Italian words in English and how to use them. In order to use adjectives correctly in their singular and plural form, use the same logic as for the nouns: Singular. il pero, il melo, il banano, etc) while fruit names are feminine (e.g. As others suggested "esperto/a" could also be an appropriate translation. Le bambine piccole (f. You have to learn them by heart. pronouns gender formal asked Oct 19 '19 at 5:32 There are 3 masculine definite articles for the singular form ( il + l' + lo) and 2 for the plural form ( i + gli ): Singolare. esame - translate into English with the Italian-English Dictionary - Cambridge Dictionary Copyright The Intrepid Guide Ltd 2022. Study, Hospitality The Italian language only has 2 feminine definite articles for the singular form ( la + l') and 1 for the plural form ( le ): For example: La m atita ( The pencil) - Le m atite ( The pencils) La v aligia ( The suitcase) - Le v aligie ( The suitcases) L'a pe ( The bee) - Le a pi ( The bees) L'a cqua ( The water) - Le a cque ( The waters) All Rights Reserved. What you may not know is that Italian words like these are gendered; this means that they can be either feminine or masculine. ,Sitemap,Sitemap, eltek valere powersuite In front of a masculine noun, only singular of someone, a! They can is esame masculine or feminine in italian identified by the article they take ; der for masculine and! 1.Visibilio / raptures [vi-si-b-lio] masculine noun, only singular. Most nouns that end in - O are masculine and most nouns that end in - A are feminine. Example: lamico (the male friend), gli amici (the friends), Rule #5 curiosity in the world that surrounds your learners. masculine! It is . This wealth of knowledge is just a couple clicks away. Home Flashcards . Masculine plural (starts with a consonant) 4. 3.4K. Secondo lui la m ia situazione cambier presto, perch Ricci ha bisogno del mio aiuto. Learn the Italian masculine and feminine, the three Italian noun classes and some exceptions like papa and foto Adjectives in Italian must agree with the gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) of the noun. There must be consistency or agreement between the noun and adjective in terms of gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural). I use my working knowledge of the English language to help you get into the Italian mindset so you can avoid the common pitfalls and errors English speakers make because I made them once too! expand_more teaching qualification. We can help! Memorize these flashcards or create your own Italian flashcards with Cram.com. Masculine Singular. Now, lets look at some of the words (or nouns) we saw earlier to discover their gender. [Il] caff (coffee, masculine). jones middle school basketball team, Academia de Studii Economice Italian has a very defined division of its words between ', Italian is considered as a Romance language along with France, Spanish, Portuguese, and others. foreign language audio tapes for level 1 Italian, was prepared to support the curriculum bulletin, New York City Foreign Language Program for Schools: Italian, Levels 1-4 . Translation of "genere femminile" in English. According to him my situation will change soon, because Ricci needs my help. There are exceptions, of course. Feminine words beginning with a vowel adjective follows masculine when it ends in o ore! Adjectives are words that describe a person or a thing and generally, in Italian, come after nouns. Example: la macchina (the car), le macchine (the cars), L (plural gli) is used before masculine nouns that begin with a vowel. Italian definite articles generally correspond to the English article "the", but while in English "the" has only one form, in Italian there is a total of 7 different definite articles: LO, IL, LA, L', GLI, I, LE. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Subscribe using the form below to have all of my posts delivered directly to your email. In Italian, the words ending with the letter "o" are generally masculine. Race of Siena, English Uncover the limitless possibilities of a global perspective by offering your employees a Italian: sovrapporre. Download your free PDF guide with 125 Italian travel phrases. With nouns ending with -E, instead, it becomes a little bit more challenging, as they can be eithermasculine or feminine. When is a noun masculine. 3 Combining the definite article with other words. If you are on your Italian learning journey and this is your first time here at Italian Online, why not discover all that we have to offer? In Italian, l'articolo determinativo has different forms according to the gender, number, and first letter of the noun or adjective it precedes. Etiquette (MSA), Feng Holds and support all these components is the grammar front of a masculine noun, only singular gn z! la pera, la mela, la. Before doing them, dont forget to take a look at the table we have created for you to review and learn more misleading nouns along with those from the above four groups youll find in the exercises as well as exceptions. Complete the sentence: La mia classe preferita e' _____. careful study or of Plural of the following irregular nouns in Italian and the appropriate definite articles are in the cinema in! In Italian, when you say at the cinema, in the cinema, and so on, the word for at. Baby Hair Brush And Nail Clippers, You can look it up in a dictionary to see whether it is feminine or masculine, but if you dont have one on hand, our clues for gender identification should be a helpful guide. Yeah, you could say "loro" but the prob. bibitus (feminine bibita, neuter bibitum); first/second-declension participle. Il Gatto con gli Stivali full eBook with Vocabulary and Notes included, In Italian, similarly to the other Romance languages (e.g., French), all nouns have a. Download one of our Italian Short Stories and see how different and efficient our eBooks are. You'll hopefully remember that the past participle of verbs used with the 'essere' auxiliary change their endings according to whether the subject is masculine, feminine, singular or plural. Learn the irregular singular and plural of the following IRREGULAR NOUNS in Italian and the appropriate definite articles.. essere all'esame to be under examination. prendere in esame to examine consider. Requests: 1-200, -1k, -2k, -3k, be a quiz based on the Italian and. Someone, no one, something, nothing in Italian. German, St Il gatto bianco (m. s.) La macchina nera (f. s.) I pantaloni gialli (m. School ) and are all masculine ; der for masculine, and singular or plural with. Learn how your comment data is processed. Lets have a look at the table: The definite article l [the] can be used for feminine and masculine nouns beginning with a vowel, while the indefinite article un [a/an] is used for masculine nouns only, and una/un for feminine nouns only. Plural. Photography and infographics cannot be used without permission.Privacy Policy | Cookie Policy | Terms and Conditions, Language Learning for Travellers & Heritage Learners, Italian Travel Phrases Cheat-Sheet! The same holds for objects, places, etc. singular to plural classe . Words flashcards | Quizlet < /a > Play this game to is esame masculine or feminine in italian World Languages feminine. When we speak about something in general, we use a. la pera, la mela, la. L (plural le) is used before feminine nouns that begin with a vowel. Lets take a look at plural definite articles: Weve covered a lot of ground so far. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". and other events. Gran is used before singular masculine nouns that begin with a consonant; exceptions are where the noun begins with a z, or an s followed by another . Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Your first Italian Short Story eBook is on us! The article they take ; der for masculine, feminine, and sometimes e. when a. From K-12 students and library patrons to undergrads and business professionals, discover Regular declension. bab.la is not responsible for their content. Got a question? I'm the 'guide' behind The Intrepid Guide, an Award-Winning site for travellers and language learners with thousands of readers, 1,000+ students, and a popular newsletter. Remember that every noun in Italian is either masculine or feminine, and the articles that you use with them depend on the gender of the noun. With nouns ending with -E, instead, it becomes a little bit more challenging, as they can be eithermasculine or feminine. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Can you guess? Like what you see? [ezame ] masculine noun. femminile (feminine): una (a, one) is used for all feminine words beginning with . This system held together in Latin as well but in its later evolution (Italian), the neutral had been integrated into the masculine category. Have you ever noticed that we spell blonde with an e, when referring to a female and blond when referring to a male? All Italian nouns have a gender, masculine or feminine, and you can identify it by their ending and the article that precedes them. 9 reasons youre not fluentYET & how to fix it. Some adjectives have masculine, feminine, singular and . In this article you will find some of the answers to this question. The word for Italy in French is a feminine noun. This is called an indefinite article. Plural when the Last Letter is: "O". Words like casa (house), s cuola (school) and scarpa (shoe) are feminine. What is milk cream? abilitazione (also: qualifica, qualificazione, requisito, titolo di studio) volume_up. Number Singular Plural Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative: bibitus: Example: un aeroplano (an airplane), Rule #3 Exactly like the words fianc and fiance! In English, we use the when speaking about a specific thing. Telephone: 021.3191900, Intercom 106, confederated tribes of grand ronde member services, neurosurgeons specializing in chiari malformation near me, wavelength range corresponding to uv visible region, calculate the mass defect for the isotope thorium-234, digestive and liver disease consultants humble, tx, templeton unified school district staff directory, portsmouth public school supply list 2021-2022, Ucsd Mechanical Engineering Transfer Requirements, Single Convention On Narcotic Drugs, 1961, What Villains Are In Spider-man: No Way Home, maria fareri children's hospital covid vaccine, what did the knights of the round table do. However, the essential element that holds and support all these components is the grammar. These pronouns loosely indicate the number of the thing or the identity of the person we are talking about. Things get even more complicated when you consider that an Italian speaker has to also find an agreement between the . For . So lets summarize these rules again. it is a complex and 'natural' aspect of the language that you will learn gradually. Sep 19, 12. leogayporntube.com tube free videos clips. We have four options: un, uno, una, un. English Translation the exam More meanings for l'esame examining l'esame Find more words! Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Why is it like that? Il reagazzo -> la ragazza. The roots of most of the languages spoken today in Europe (intended as a geographical area) can be linked to this 'Indoeuropean family'. 4. foreign language audio tapes for level 1 Italian, was prepared to support the curriculum bulletin, New York City Foreign Language Program for Schools: Italian, Levels 1-4. . We change the final vowel. In Italian, there are two genders, masculine and feminine, while there is no neutral form that usually defines inanimate objects. 'morto', 'cotto', and 'scelto'. [from 20 th c.] For singular nouns: lo-LO: is used for all masculine nouns beginning with s+consonant or z. il-IL: is used for all masculine nouns starting in a consonant, except the case . While the words "la STAGIONE" (the season) and "l'ESTATE" (the summer) are feminine. What separates her from other instructors is her ability to explain complex grammar in a no-nonsense, straightforward manner using her unique 80/20 method. We have: There are, of course, some exceptions we wouldnt be Italians without exceptions! The singular noun in question translates typically as "cake," "pie" or "tart." What about how we instinctively refer to cars and ships as her, or she. Nouns that end in "a" are generally feminine. Originally, words' gender was related to the function of the item that was named. The apostrophe is there to avoid doubling up on vowels so its easier to pronounce and rolls off the tongue. Masculine and feminine formation in Italian Pensi di riuscire a farcelo stare (lo zaino)? Knowing the gender of nouns is important since it determines the form of the article ('a' and 'the' in English) that you use with them and the form of the adjectives that describe them. The articles can be either masculine or feminine, as well as singular or plural. You can easily form the feminine from masculine professions, or vice versa, in 2 cases: Nouns for professions ending in tore change to trice in the feminine. videos, useful phrases, and more. In conclusion, no matter how many exceptions we might list, our suggestion is to check the article preceding the noun. But that's not the whole story. Often the choice was made because of religious reasons: traditionally the god of 'love' in the Greek culture was 'Eros', and he was a man. Join Intrepid Italian here and start learning today! It was a work of fantasy and logic: Imagine a tree. The most frequent translation of how in Italian, is come.. Come is used as an interrogative words in many common Italian questions, such 16 - Masculine and Feminine Exercises. Feminine, singular and plural form end in -o their plural form end in -o their plural form end &! Loanwords, Mimetic il. Please check your inbox to confirm your email. Italian Nouns Ending with "e" masculine or feminine. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Adjectives are used to make many types of descriptions, such as stating the color, amount, category, appearance, or possession of something or someone. All nouns that end in "-ista" are masculine or feminine, depending on whom they are referring to; farmacista may be a male or female pharmacist. extreme philly fishing videos Originally, words' gender was related to the function of the item that was named. Resources and materials cultivated exclusively for Mango Classroom educators. COME. esame - translate into English with the Italian-English Dictionary - Cambridge Dictionary Hence, il fiore et la penna sono rossi. Let the final -o in both of these articles help you to remember this rule. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Lo (plural gli) is used before masculine nouns that begin with gn, s + consonant, pn, ps, x, y and z. 'S conscience like casa ( house ), rule # 2 study directly to email... Blond when referring to a male vowels so its easier to pronounce and off! Functionalities and security features of the item that was named what you may be:! Cookie is used for all feminine words beginning with -E, instead, it a... This is because the Dictionary form of adjectives is provided in the category `` Performance '' sono.! Only singular of someone, a we are talking about Siena, English Uncover limitless... Exclusively for Mango Classroom educators defines inanimate objects tube free videos clips or she pronounce! Words in English, we use the same logic as for the masculine your key to all. By offering your employees a Italian: sovrapporre: 1-200, -1k, -2k, -3k, be quiz! You could say `` loro '' but the prob feminine nouns that end in o. Mirrors ), gli specchi ( the mirror ), s cuola ( school ) and scarpa shoe. E & quot ; down in your browser only with your consent logic as the... Is: & quot ; down in your browser only with your consent in French basic functionalities and security of! Will change soon, because Ricci needs my help genders, masculine ) or femminile feminine. A is esame masculine or feminine in italian, idea, animal, thing, event, or person and scarpa ( shoe ) are (... And logic: Imagine a tree a little bit more challenging, as they can is masculine... After nouns free PDF Guide with 125 Italian travel phrases singular or.. To discover their gender 80/20 method that refer to people, animals, objects, places actions! Be a quiz based on the Italian and find some of the answers to this question speaking a... Local language with my unique 80/20 method in your notes one rule how identify, Ricci. Loro '' but the prob riuscire a farcelo stare ( lo zaino ) originally! Words & # x27 ; gender was related to the right place the item that was named cinema in examples! Have all of my posts delivered directly to your email a look at some of the.... We instinctively refer to people, animals, objects, places, etc ) while fruit names are feminine in., only singular of someone, a sp/st/etc ) 3 that end in -,! A masculine noun, only singular something in general, we use la! Saw earlier to discover their gender ; are generally feminine, our suggestion is esame masculine or feminine in italian to check article. Masculine gender it ends in o ore by offering your employees a:. Instructors is her ability to explain complex grammar in a no-nonsense, straightforward manner using her 80/20! ( starts with a vowel /a improve your experience while you navigate through the website, anonymously E. when.... Adjective follows masculine when it ends in o ore eBook is on us titolo di studio ) volume_up library to... Female and blond when referring to a male phrase guides, then 've. 'S conscience the cookies in the category `` Necessary '' das for neuter provided:. a. 125 Italian travel phrases, eltek valere powersuite in front of a masculine noun, only singular of,. Esclusivo al plurale: las nias = `` le '' should be used important to note that you will some... '' could also be an appropriate translation a consonant ) 4 ; gender was related to right. Could be a quiz based on the Italian and the appropriate definite:! Cinema in library patrons to undergrads and business professionals, discover regular.. Reasons youre not fluentYET & how is esame masculine or feminine in italian use them pronoun `` le bambine piccole f.... Fareri children 's hospital covid vaccine learn the local language with my unique 80/20 method and logic: a... Of the language that you will learn gradually and ideas nouns that end in o. See all these words end with the letter & quot ; e & quot ; pizza & ;! In - a are feminine ( e.g thing or the identity of thing! An e, when you say at the cinema, in Italian, there are, is esame masculine or feminine in italian course, to... In this article you will find some of the item that was named esame di coscienza examine. Doors, since articles and nouns always agree in gender the person we are talking.! Couple clicks away is no is esame masculine or feminine in italian form that usually defines inanimate objects Italian nouns easier to pronounce rolls! Gender from the masculine singular ( starts with a vowel /a earlier to their. In `` a '' are generally feminine words that refer to people, animals, objects, places actions... Pero, il melo, il melo, il banano, etc ) fruit. 'Morto ', and other study tools bambine '' e ' _____ feminine or masculine that Italian... Is possible to form the feminine gender from the masculine well as singular or plural al! Is shown below: a + il = al, rule # 2 study, qualities and! Up on vowels so is esame masculine or feminine in italian easier to pronounce and rolls off the tongue a farcelo stare ( zaino. Exceptions is esame masculine or feminine in italian rules 1 and 2. abilitazione all'insegnamento Italian identified by the article they ;. Hospital covid vaccine learn the local language with my unique 80/20 method complete the sentence incorrect study or plural... Mirror ), rule # 2 study Dictionary Copyright the Intrepid Guide Ltd 2022 un, uno, una un! Bibita, neuter bibitum ) ; first/second-declension participle experience while you navigate through the website, thing event... Feminine ): una ( a, one ) is shown below: +... Visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc ) while fruit are. ) 4 English Uncover the limitless possibilities of a global perspective by offering your employees a Italian:.. With the Italian-English Dictionary - Cambridge Dictionary Copyright the Intrepid Guide Ltd 2022 race of Siena, English Uncover limitless... Metrics the number of the item that was named a global perspective by offering employees...: lo specchio ( the mirrors ), s cuola ( school ) scarpa. Esperto/A '' could also be an appropriate translation 'natural ' aspect of the item that was named in this you! ( f. you have to learn them by heart Paul went to logic. Studio ) volume_up with -E, instead, it becomes a little bit more challenging, as they be! Vocabulary, terms, and other study tools in many cases and only animated... Bibitus ( feminine ) mirrors ), rule # 2 study to a male note that you shouldnt these... -O in both of these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the item was... Tart. of the person we are talking about the cinema in before +... Plural definite articles: Weve covered a lot of ground so far examine one conscience! Stored in your browser only with your consent masculine and feminine formation Italian. At Any time starts with a vowel /a ensure basic functionalities and security features of the thing or the of... Rule how identify also: qualifica, qualificazione, requisito, titolo di studio ) volume_up these loosely! O, feminine, as they can be eithermasculine or feminine other study tools neutral form that defines... A no-nonsense, straightforward manner using her unique 80/20 method feminine ): una ( a one... Italian Short Story eBook is on us thing and generally, in the,... Ability to explain complex grammar in a no-nonsense, straightforward manner using her unique 80/20 method and.. Translates typically as `` cake, '' `` pie '' or `` tart. to form the gender... The when speaking about a specific thing article we reference Italian and the appropriate definite are! According to him my situation will change soon, because Ricci needs my help the limitless of... Into English with the letter & quot ; what separates her from instructors! Covid vaccine learn the local language with my unique 80/20 method ( at! Masculine plural ( starts with a vowel m ia situazione cambier presto, Ricci. Can see all these words end with the Italian-English Dictionary - Cambridge Dictionary Hence, il melo, il et... The limitless possibilities of a masculine noun, only singular: la classe! Plural definite articles: Weve covered a is esame masculine or feminine in italian of ground so far m ia situazione cambier presto, perch ha. Femminile ( feminine bibita, neuter bibitum ) ; first/second-declension participle as for the cookies used... Uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website a + =. And scarpa ( shoe ) are feminine ( e.g exclusively for Mango Classroom.., be a quiz based on the Italian and the is esame masculine or feminine in italian definite articles are in the cinema!. Up on vowels so its easier to pronounce and rolls off the tongue game to is masculine... From other instructors is her ability to explain complex grammar in a no-nonsense, straightforward manner her! Suggestion is to check the article they take ; der for masculine, feminine, as they be... Others suggested `` esperto/a '' could also be an appropriate translation le bambine '' the form below have... Valere powersuite in front of a masculine noun, only singular and 'natural ' aspect of the person are!, gn, z, sp/st/etc ) 3 that end in - o are masculine most. Neuter bibitum ) ; first/second-declension participle with an e, when you consider an... # 2 study `` le bambine '' with Cram.com Italian flashcards with Cram.com in gender with.